Maya Civilization

Overview

The Maya civilization was one of the most sophisticated pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas, flourishing in Mesoamerica for over 2,000 years. Known for their advanced mathematics, astronomy, and writing system, the Maya created a complex society with magnificent cities and profound cultural achievements.

The Maya civilization was characterized by its city-states, advanced calendar system, and remarkable architectural achievements. Their knowledge of astronomy, mathematics, and writing placed them among the most intellectually advanced civilizations of the ancient world.

Historical Periods

• Preclassic Period (2000 BCE-250 CE): Early Maya settlements and the rise of complex societies
• Classic Period (250-900 CE): Golden age with great cities like Tikal, Palenque, and Copán
• Postclassic Period (900-1521 CE): Northern Yucatán cities like Chichen Itza and Mayapán
• Colonial Period (1521-1821 CE): Spanish conquest and the end of independent Maya rule

Key Achievements

Maya civilization made groundbreaking contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and writing. Their development of the concept of zero, accurate calendar systems, and sophisticated hieroglyphic writing demonstrated remarkable intellectual achievements.

The Maya created magnificent architectural complexes, advanced agricultural techniques, and complex social and political systems. Their art, pottery, and sculpture reached extraordinary levels of sophistication and beauty.

Cultural Legacy

Maya culture continues to thrive today through millions of Maya people who maintain their languages, traditions, and cultural practices. The Maya calendar system and astronomical knowledge continue to fascinate scholars and the general public.

Maya architectural sites like Chichen Itza, Tikal, and Palenque are UNESCO World Heritage sites and major tourist destinations. The decipherment of Maya hieroglyphs has revealed a rich literary tradition and complex historical records.